2024年4月陕西自考英语(一)复习资料（19）

主要构词法

affixation 词缀法

1.名词后缀 -ity quality

2.名词后缀 -ation;-ion; combination， civilization， foundation， digestion

3.名词后缀 -ture mixture

4.形容词后缀 -ous poisonous

5.形容词后缀 -ible indigestible

6.形容词后缀 -ful helpful， powerful

7.副词前缀 over- overseas

compounding 合词法

复合形容词 widespread; man-eating;

主要语言点

1. Many primitive people believed that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves.

本句中that 引导的是一个宾语从句。宾语从句在前几个单元中我们已有了比较多的了解。掌握宾语从句并不困难。请看下面的句子：

1) He says that friendship is very important to him.(他说友谊对他很重要。)

2) Can you tell me where the bookstore is?(你能告诉我书店在哪儿吗?)

3) I don't know whether the letter is overweight.(我不知道这封信是否超重。)

by 后面跟动词的现在分词表示某人做了某件事，并通过这件事产生了某个结果。请看下面的句子：

They made a living by selling newspapers.(他们通过卖报谋生。)

2. They thought that eating deer would make them run as fast as the deer.

本句中that同样是引导一个宾语从句。在宾语从句中，动名词短语eating deer做主语。

make sb. do sth.意思是“使某人做某事”。make 后面的复合宾语中动词不定式符号to要省去，但是用被动语态时一定要用to，请看下面的句子：

1) The boss made them work from morning till night.(老板使他们从早到晚地干活。)

2) She was made to finish the book in two days (by her father)。(父亲让她两天把书看完。)

3. Some savage tribes believed that eating enemies that had shown bravery in battle would make them brave.

本句中的第一个that 引导的又是一个宾语从句，而后一个that 引导的是定语从句，修饰enemies

本句中them brave 是make 的复合宾语，请看下面的句子：

1) Don't wait for him. He will make us late.(别等他了，他会使我们迟到的。)

2) He was afraid that the story would make things worse.(他担心那个故事会使事情更糟。)

3) I didn't know that the news had been made public.(我不知道这个消息已经公开了。)